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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people with ADHD take medication to treat the condition. It can improve symptoms, but it could also have negative side effects. Consult your physician in the event of any adverse reactions. Stimulants are among the most popular type of prescription medication that healthcare providers prescribe for ADHD. These medications increase the levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters that regulate the behavior and attention. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice used to treat ADHD in adults and children. It is effective by increasing the activity of brain regions that control attention and behavior. Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions like narcolepsy. It may help people with Narcolepsy remain awake throughout the day and improve their ability to concentrate and pay attention. This medication can have the potential to be abused and is classified as to be a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Taking this medication exactly as prescribed can reduce the potential for abuse as well as other adverse effects. Methylphenidate can trigger psychotic symptoms for certain people. It can also cause worse the behavior and tics of people with Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before starting this medication, patients with these conditions should consult their doctor. It is important to inform your doctor if there are any other health problems or are sensitive to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, a yellow color found in some processed foods as well as some medicines; if you're taking Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate is known to interact with drugs such as opioids, antidepressants, and monoamine oxide inhibitors. This includes isocarboxazid linezolid, methylene blue rasagiline, Emsam, Zelapar, or the tranylcypromine. It is also essential to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant drugs when taking methylphenidate. These drugs may affect your heart rate or blood pressure. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin) and the long-acting chewable tablet and long-acting orally disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine, which can be dangerous if you suffer from an inherited condition known as Phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion, a medication that treats depression, works in the brain and improves mood. It also helps reduce symptoms of ADHD. It is also used to treat depression and seasonal depression (SAD) which can occur during the fall-winter months. It can also help people quit smoking by reducing the craving for nicotine and withdrawal effects. Bupropion has been found to improve ADHD symptoms in adults in a variety of studies. The pooled fixed effect RR for week-6 improvements (using the criteria of a clinically significant improvement of 30% or more on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For the overall response, this is 52 percent of the bupropion-treated group and 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion can have serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions several different drugs, including sedatives antidepressants and some blood pressure drugs. It can also increase the risk of seizures for those with a history of seizure or high blood pressure. It is not recommended for certain medical conditions, and women who are pregnant or nursing should not take it. Bupropion is available in the form of brand-name drugs Wellbutrin SR and Wellbutrin XL. It is also available as Zyban, Budeprion SR. Aplenzin and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants (or TCAs are a type of drugs that function by affecting brain chemicals. They were among the earliest antidepressants that were developed, and though they are no longer a first-line treatment for depression they are still effective for some patients suffering from other conditions. They work by blocking the reuptakes of dopamine and serotonin, increasing the amount of serotonin that is available to neurons. They can also be employed to treat a range of other conditions, including pain syndromes, enuresis like fibromyalgia and phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs can be effective in treating ADHD symptoms, whether they are prescribed alone or with stimulants. They can alleviate symptoms that are core to the disorder and may decrease anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. In addition, they could assist in reducing the tics, which are repetitive uncontrollable movements or sounds, such as throat clearing or blinking. TCAs can cause adverse effects, like dry mouth, sedation, and constipation, and can increase the risk of cardiovascular issues. These medications can negatively interact with other medications such as anticholinergics and should not be used by women who are pregnant. They can also be teratogenic in animals and may cross the placenta. Speak to your doctor if concerned. There are newer antidepressants that are less likely of adverse negative effects. Selective serotonin inhibition of reuptake (SSRIs). The SSRIs are a class of drugs that hinder serotonin reuptake within neurons and aid in increasing the amount of serotonin that is available for signaling. They also reduce anxiety and decrease impulsive behavior. They are commonly used to treat adhd as they can help people with their symptoms and can work in conjunction with other drugs. Examples of SSRIs are paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have a low clearance from the human body. However they are extensively processed by CYP450 enzymes within the liver. This leads to varying blood concentrations. These drugs can also be prescribed to treat other disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder and bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline are able to reduce PTSD fundamental symptoms. However, they do not appear to be effective for other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can trigger an uncommon side effect of sexual dysfunction. It is crucial to discuss this with your doctor if are thinking of taking one of these medicines. It is normal for people to have to test a variety of ADHD medications before they discover the one that works best for them. Research and development of new medication is ongoing. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) If stimulant medications do not work for adults with ADHD doctors prescribe a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibit (SNRI). These medications increase levels of norepinephrine as well as serotonin, two brain chemicals. They also improve mood and reduce depression and anxiety. SNRIs can cause similar negative effects to TCAs however, they are more secure. adult adhd medication are used to treat numerous conditions, including anxiety disorders and long-term pain, such as fibromyalgia or nerve pain. They can also be utilized as an additional treatment for depression. The SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine (Effexor). These drugs work by preventing the reabsorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine, which is a natural process in the brain after neurotransmission. This results in a more than normal phasic release. The increased levels of norepinephrine can improve attention and mood. Although SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD Some doctors do use as an alternative to stimulants. They are most often taken orally as pills, however, they can also be taken as patches or liquids. The FDA approved an oral SNRI, called viloxazine or Qelbree to treat ADHD among children and adolescents in April 2021. It doesn't have a potential for abuse, so it is not classified as a controlled substance. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that alter the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. They are used for anxiety and depression, but also aid in the management of ADHD symptoms. Several studies have shown that SNRI drugs, such as duloxetine and venlafaxine can significantly reduce the score of various ADHD tests. SNRIs may increase blood pressure or interact with certain medications. It is important to consult with a physician prior taking these drugs. In addition, improperly disposed medication can cause harm to both humans and animals. It is therefore important to follow the correct disposal guidelines. SSRIs and SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA to treat ADHD however, doctors are able to prescribe them without a prescription. They are safe, effective and have fewer adverse effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor regarding your child's symptoms and talk about the advantages and disadvantages of these drugs. SNRIs are not appropriate for everyone. For example, women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take SNRIs as they could be absorbed into breast milk. They should also not be used by those who suffer from high blood pressure, liver problems, or other cardiovascular conditions. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people with ADHD discover that medication can help them improve their concentration and attention. They might also experience less impulsive behaviors. The medication is often combined with behavioral therapy and skills training to help people learn how to manage their symptoms. It takes time to find the right dosage and dosage for each person. In this process, doctors monitor physical reactions to determine the ideal balance between benefits and side effects. The stimulant drugs, like methylphenidate, enhance the activity of specific brain chemicals that regulate memory and attention. While they are generally safe and effective for most people, they can cause serious side effects like decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These side effects typically disappear after some weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Non-stimulant medicines are also available for children and adults. They may take longer to work, but they can improve concentration and impulse control. These include alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine), as well as Guanfacine. Antidepressants are also able to help with ADHD. They can boost the neurotransmitter neopinephrine levels in the brain, and aid in depression and impulsive behavior. Bupropion, an antidepressant has been used to treat ADHD. It was prescribed “off-label” however, drug companies created extended-release versions, and the FDA approved the use of it as a treatment.